技术

在VMWare下扩展 ubuntu 20.04 磁盘分区（命令行扩展 /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv）

image-20220420151248081

虚拟机的磁盘分配小了，跑了点程序，空间开始不足。需要扩展下磁盘大小。

1 . VM里面调整虚拟磁盘大小

如上图所示。需要关闭虚拟机。

其实增加一块硬盘也行，在Ubuntu20.04的 LVM文件系统下，扩展当前磁盘和额外加一块硬盘没啥使用区别。尤其对虚拟机而言（实体机可能会碰到若干块磁盘性能不一的情况）。

2. 在Ubuntu guest系统内扩展LVM

a. 确认安装虚拟机的时候用了LVM

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$df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                              391M  2.0M  389M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   19G   14G  4.6G  75% /
tmpfs                              2.0G   16K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          976M  207M  703M  23% /boot
/dev/loop0                          56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2284
/dev/loop3                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/14978
/dev/loop1                          56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2344
/dev/loop2                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/22753
/dev/loop4                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/22526
/dev/loop5                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1376
/dev/loop6                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/15177
/dev/loop7                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1405
tmpfs                              391M     0  391M   0% /run/user/1000

​ 所以，确定是使用lvm，看名字，组名是ubuntu-vg，lv是ubuntu-lv。

b. 命令验证下

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$sudo vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <19.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4863
  Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               zI0Csz-Sii1-0fpN-dxtc-oRrr-yo8d-yqHHVk
$sudo lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                Gg0p3f-ZnVI-zZ76-0kUN-tjDe-LwXu-Gt2oQC
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2022-01-14 02:50:56 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <19.00 GiB
  Current LE             4863
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

​ 基本OK。

c. 创建下物理卷

一般来说，物理卷对应传统的分区概念。作为LVM的”库存弹药“使用。

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# 查看下
$sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: C9FEEF7F-29EC-4678-9D77-33541B85AA3F
Device       Start      End  Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048     4095     2048   1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2     4096  2101247  2097152   1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  2101248 41940991 39839744  19G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 18.102 GiB, 20396900352 bytes, 39837696 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

​ 嗯。40G的硬盘上面3个分区后，还有18.102G的空闲空间。

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# 创建个sda4，把空闲空间搞成一个分区好了
$sudo parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print free
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  2097kB  1049kB                     bios_grub
 2      2097kB  1076MB  1074MB  ext4
 3      1076MB  21.5GB  20.4GB
        21.5GB  42.9GB  21.5GB  Free Space
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 21.5GB 100%
(parted) print free
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
        17.4kB  1049kB  1031kB  Free Space
 1      1049kB  2097kB  1049kB                        bios_grub
 2      2097kB  1076MB  1074MB  ext4
 3      1076MB  21.5GB  20.4GB
 4      21.5GB  42.9GB  21.5GB  ext4         primary
        42.9GB  42.9GB  1032kB  Free Space
(parted) quit
$sudo pvcreate /dev/sda4
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

​ 创建了一格ext4类型主分区。设备路径是/dev/sda4。

d. 加入到LVM的ubuntu-vg组里面(从命令上翻译就是：把ubuntu-vg组扩展到/dev/sda4上)

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$sudo vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sda4
  Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended
$sudo lvm lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <19.00 GiB (4863 extents) to 38.99 GiB (9982 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.

e. 最后扩展下文件系统，顺手再检查下

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$sudo resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 5
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 10221568 (4k) blocks long.
$df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                              391M  2.0M  389M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   39G   14G   24G  36% /
tmpfs                              2.0G   16K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          976M  207M  703M  23% /boot
/dev/loop0                          56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2284
/dev/loop3                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/14978
/dev/loop1                          56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2344
/dev/loop2                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/22753
/dev/loop4                          68M   68M     0 100% /snap/lxd/22526
/dev/loop5                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1376
/dev/loop6                          44M   44M     0 100% /snap/snapd/15177
/dev/loop7                          62M   62M     0 100% /snap/core20/1405
tmpfs                              391M     0  391M   0% /run/user/1000

3. 对比

根文件系统从之前的：

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/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   19G   14G  4.6G  75% /

扩展为：

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/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   39G   14G   24G  36% /

enjoy~